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--- r:graphics [2016/12/02 09:46] – [E.G.] hkimscil
+++ r:graphics [2017/11/27 09:57] (current) – [Adding Confidence Intervals to a Bar Chart] hkimscil
@@ Line 201: / Line 201: @@
 title("Regression of MPG on Weight")</code>
 {{:R:regression_line.png}}
+===== e.g. 2 =====
+<code>?LifeCycleSavings
+lm.SR <- lm(sr ~ pop15 + pop75 + dpi + ddpi, data = LifeCycleSavings)
+> summary(lm.SR)
+Call:
+lm(formula = sr ~ pop15 + pop75 + dpi + ddpi, data = LifeCycleSavings)
+Residuals:
+    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max
+-8.2422 -2.6857 -0.2488  2.4280  9.7509
+Coefficients:
+              Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 28.5660865  7.3545161   3.884 0.000334 ***
+pop15       -0.4611931  0.1446422  -3.189 0.002603 **
+pop75       -1.6914977  1.0835989  -1.561 0.125530
+dpi         -0.0003369  0.0009311  -0.362 0.719173
+ddpi         0.4096949  0.1961971   2.088 0.042471 *
+---
+Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+Residual standard error: 3.803 on 45 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared:  0.3385,	Adjusted R-squared:  0.2797
+F-statistic: 5.756 on 4 and 45 DF,  p-value: 0.0007904
+> plot(LifeCycleSavings)
+> plot(lm.SR)
+</code>
+{{:r:LifeCycleSavings.jpeg}}
+{{:R:regression_model.png}}
 ====== Plotting All Variables Against All Other Variables ======
 <code>> head(iris)
@@ Line 385: / Line 421: @@
 +         names.arg=c("May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep"),
 +         ylab="Temp (deg. F)")</code>
-{{:R:barplot_heights.png}}
+{{:R:barplot_heights.2.png}}
 ====== Adding Confidence Intervals to a Bar Chart ======
@@ Line 396: / Line 432: @@
 </code>
-<code>tmean <- tapply(Temp, list(as.factor(Month)), mean)  # mean for each month
+<code>tmean <- tapply(Temp, list(as.factor(Month)), mean)
-tsd <- tapply(Temp, list(as.factor(Month)),sd)  # sd for each month
+# mean for each month
-tse <- tsd/sqrt(length(Temp))  # se for each month
+tsd <- tapply(Temp, list(as.factor(Month)),sd)
+# sd for each month
+tse <- tsd/sqrt(length(Temp))
+# se for each month
 lower <- tmean - 1.96*tse
@@ Line 433: / Line 472: @@
 plot(pressure, type="l")</code>
 {{:R:barplot_points_line.png}}
+<code>> par(mfrow=c(2, 2), cex=0.6, mar=c(4, 4, 1, 1))
+> y <- rnorm(20)
+> plot(y, type="p")
+> plot(y, type="l")
+> plot(y, type="b")
+> plot(y, type="h")
+></code>
+{{:r:plot_types.png}}
 ====== Plotting Multiple Datasets ======
 <code>x <- rnorm(10,sd=5,mean=20)
@@ Line 898: / Line 946: @@
 {{:R:using_maps_R.png}}
-<code>
+<code>par(mfrow=c(2, 2))
-#
+z <- 2 * volcano        # Exaggerate the relief
-# Comment:
+x <- 10 * (1:nrow(z))   # 10 meter spacing (S to N)
-#
+y <- 10 * (1:ncol(z))   # 10 meter spacing (E to W)
-# An example of a one-off image drawn using the grid system.
+# Don't draw the grid lines :  border = NA
-#
+par(mar=rep(0, 4))
-# The code is somewhat modular and general, with functions
+persp(x, y, z, theta = 135, phi = 30, col = "light grey", scale = FALSE,
-# for producing different shapes, but the sizes and
+      ltheta = -120, shade = 0.75, border = NA, box = FALSE)
-# locations used in this particular image assume a 2:1 aspect ratio.
+mtext("persp()", side=3, line=-2)
-#
+par(mar=c(3, 3, 2, 0.5))
-# The gradient-fill background (dark at the top to lighter at the
+# Note that  example(trees)  shows more sensible plots!
-# bottom) is achieved by filling multiple overlapping polygons with
+N <- nrow(trees)
-# slowly changing shades of grey.
+attach(trees)
-#
+# Girth is diameter in inches
+symbols(Height, Volume, circles=Girth/24, inches=FALSE,
+        main="", xlab="", ylab="", bg=grey(Girth/max(Girth)))
-pushViewport(viewport(xscale=c(0, 1), yscale=c(0.5, 1),
+mtext("symbols()", side=3, line=0.5)
-             clip=TRUE))
+par(mar=rep(0.5, 4))
+contour(x, y, z, asp=1, labcex=0.35, axes=FALSE)
-res <- 50
+rect(0, 0, 870, 620)
-for (i in 1:res)
+mtext("contour()", side=3, line=-1.5)
-  grid.rect(y=1 - (i-1)/res, just="top",
+image(x, y, z, asp=1, col=grey(0.5 + 1:12/24), xlab="", ylab="", axes=FALSE)
-            gp=gpar(col=NULL, fill=grey(0.5*i/res)))
+rect(min(x)-5, min(y)-5, max(x)+5, max(y)+5)
+mtext("image()", side=3, line=-1.5)
-moon <- function(x, y, size) {
-  angle <- seq(-90, 90, length=50)/180*pi
-  x1 <- x + size*cos(angle)
-  y1 <- y + size*sin(angle)
-  mod <- 0.8
-  x2 <- x + mod*(x1 - x)
-  grid.polygon(c(x1, rev(x2)), c(y1, rev(y1)),
-               default.unit="native",
-               gp=gpar(col=NULL, fill="white"))
-}
-moon(.1, .9, .03)
-star <- function(x, y, size) {
-  x1 <- c(x,           x + size*.1, x + size*.5, x + size*.1,
-          x,           x - size*.1, x - size*.5, x - size*.1) + .05
-  y1 <- c(y - size,    y - size*.1, y,           y + size*.1,
-          y + size*.7, y + size*.1, y,           y - size*.1) + .05
-  grid.polygon(x1, y1,
-               default.unit="native",
-               gp=gpar(col=NULL, fill="white"))
-}
-star(.5, .7, .02)
-star(.8, .9, .02)
-star(.72, .74, .02)
-star(.62, .88, .02)
-grid.circle(runif(20, .2, 1), runif(20, .6, 1), r=.002,
-            default.unit="native",
-            gp=gpar(col=NULL, fill="white"))
-hill <- function(height=0.1, col="black") {
-  n <- 100
-  x <- seq(0, 1, length=n)
-  y1 <- sin(runif(1) + x*2*pi)
-  y2 <- sin(runif(1) + x*4*pi)
-  y3 <- sin(runif(1) + x*8*pi)
-  y <- 0.6 + height*((y1 + y2 + y3)/3)
-  grid.polygon(c(x, rev(x)), c(y, rep(0, n)),
-               default.unit="native",
-               gp=gpar(col=NULL, fill=col))
-}
-hill()
-rdir <- function(n) {
-  sample(seq(-45, 45, length=10), n)/180*pi
-}
-grid.text("Once upon a time ...",
-          x=.15, y=.51, just="bottom",
-          default.unit="native",
-          gp=gpar(col="white", fontface="italic", fontsize=10))
-popViewport()
-grid.rect()
 </code>
-{{:R:clip_art.png}}
+{{:R:poly_graph.png}}