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       <dc:date>2026-04-17T08:25:30+00:00</dc:date>
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        <title>COMMunication<br />RESearch.NET</title>
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    <item rdf:about="http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/lecturer_note?rev=1743555956&amp;do=diff">
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-04-02T01:05:56+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>lecturer_note</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/lecturer_note?rev=1743555956&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>첫번째 퀴즈 4월2일 실시
1번문제
1번은 보기에서 답을 고르는 것이 아닌 단답형 주관식

44번 문제 수정 
44. 위의 13g이 나올 확률을 (probability) R에서 구하고자 pnorm 펑션을 쓰려고 한다. 이 명령어를 직접 쓰시오.
44. 위의 13g</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-03-11T23:53:19+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>lecture_note_week_02</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/lecture_note_week_02?rev=1741737199&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>rnorm2 &lt;- function(n,mean,sd) { mean+sd*scale(rnorm(n)) }
set.seed(1001)
df &lt;- rnorm2(600000, 100, 10)
head(df)

n &lt;- 1600
iter &lt;- 10000
means &lt;- rep (NA, iter)
for(i in 1:iter){
  means[i] = mean(sample(df, n))
}
# means
hist(means)
mean(means)
sd(means)

m.the &lt;- 100
se.the &lt;- 10/sqrt(n)
m.the
se.the

s.s &lt;-107.5
p.val &lt;- (m.the-s.s)/se.the
p.val &lt;- pnorm(p.val)
p.val

# proportions
#
p &lt;- 0.55 # 민경욱 지지율 가정정
q &lt;- 1-p

set.seed(101)
el &lt;- sample.int(2, 400000, replace=TRUE, prob=c(p, q))
table(…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-03-25T22:41:05+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>lecture_note_week_04</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/lecture_note_week_04?rev=1742942465&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Variance

Why n-1 for 모집단


# variance 
# why we use n-1 when calculating 
# population variance (instead of N)
a &lt;- rnorm2(100000000, 100, 10)
a.mean &lt;- mean(a)
ss &lt;- sum((a-a.mean)^2)
n &lt;- length(a)
df &lt;- n-1
ss/n
ss/df


Variance output


&gt; # variance 
&gt; # why we use n-1 when calculating 
&gt; # population variance (instead of N)
&gt; a &lt;- rnorm2(100000000, 100, 10)
&gt; a.mean &lt;- mean(a)
&gt; ss &lt;- sum((a-a.mean)^2)
&gt; n &lt;- length(a)
&gt; df &lt;- n-1
&gt; ss/n
[1] 100
&gt; ss/df
[1] 100
&gt; 

$\sigma^2$$\sigma^2/n$$\…</description>
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        <dc:date>2025-03-30T23:57:28+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>lecture_note_week_05</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/lecture_note_week_05?rev=1743379048&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>Coding


# z-test 정리
# 
rnorm2 &lt;- function(n,mean,sd) { mean+sd*scale(rnorm(n)) } 
set.seed(101)
# 평균이 80, 표준편차가 10인 모집단을 가정
# 아래 sa 샘플은 모집단의 구성원에게 머리가 
# 좋아지는 약을 투여한 후에 얻은 수학시험
# 점수
# 약의 효과가 있었을까?
p.mean &lt;- 80
p.sigma &lt;- 10 
n &lt;- 100
sa &lt;- rnorm2(n, 83, 10)

# 가설? 
# 영가설?
# confidence interval with 95% certainty?

# 83 != 80
# If 83 = 80 ?
# se for population (when sample size is 100)
se &lt;- sqrt(p.sigma^2/n)
se
se2 &lt;- se*2
# se를 위로 두 개 아래로 두 개 쓴 범위는
p.mean + c(-se2, +se2)
# 영가설이 맞다면 백중 95의 확률로 …</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-06-30T06:23:06+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>schedule</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/schedule?rev=1751264586&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>통계에 대한 기초적인 이해
가설과 가설검증

	*  가설의 종류와 그 종류에 따른 통계분석법
		*  z-test
		*  t-test
		*  ANOVA
		*  Factorial ANOVA
		*  correlation
		*  regression
		*  multiple regression
		*  factor analysis</description>
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        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:date>2025-04-16T01:40:31+00:00</dc:date>
        <dc:creator>Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com)</dc:creator>
        <title>w07_anova_note</title>
        <link>http://www.commres.net/c/ms/2025/w07_anova_note?rev=1744767631&amp;do=diff</link>
        <description>ANOVA in R

이 문서는 &lt;http://commres.net/wiki/r/anova&gt; 의 내용을 변형해서 
다시 만든 문서입니다. &lt;http://commres.net/wiki/r/anova&gt; 은 
세 그룹 간의 차이를 보는 것이고 이 문서는 4그룹 간의 차이를 보는
문서입니다. 


# 
# ANOVA test with 4 levels in IV 
#
rm(list=ls())
set.seed(101)
rnorm2 &lt;- function(n,mean,sd){ mean+sd*scale(rnorm(n)) }
n &lt;- 30
na &lt;- n
nb &lt;- n
nc &lt;- n
nd &lt;- n
mean.a &lt;- 26
mean.b &lt;- 25
mean.c &lt;- 23
mean.d &lt;- 22

A &lt;- rnorm2(na, mean.a, sqrt(900/(na-1)))
B &lt;- rnorm2(nb, mean.b, sqrt(900/(nb-1)))
C &lt;- rnorm2(nc, mean.c, sqrt(900/(nc…</description>
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